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Melvin Beaunorus Tolson (February 6, 1898?August 29, 1966) was an American Modernist poet, educator, columnist, and politician. His work concentrated on the experience of African Americans and includes several poetic histories. He was a contemporary of the Harlem Renaissance and, although he was not a participant in it, his work reflects its influences. Liberia declared Melvin B. Tolson as its poet laureate in 1947. Born in Moberly, Missouri, Tolson was the son of a Methodist minister and an Afro-Creek mother. His family moved between various churches in the Missouri and Iowa area until finally settling in the Kansas City area. He graduated from Lincoln High School in Kansas City in 1919, and enrolled in Fisk University that same year. He transferred to Lincoln University that same year for financial reasons. He graduated with honors in 1924, and in the same year he moved to Marshall, Texas to teach Speech and English at Wiley College. While at Wiley, Tolson built up an award-winning debate team; during their tour in 1935, they defeated the University of Southern California. [1]. Denzel Washington directed the film The Great Debaters, based on this event, released on 25 December 2007.
He mentored students such as James L. Farmer, Jr. and Heman Sweatt at Wiley. He encouraged his students not only to be well-rounded people but also to stand up for their rights, a controversial position in the U.S. South of the early and mid-20th century.
Tolson took a leave of absence to earn a Master's degree from Columbia University in 1930-31, which he didn't complete until 1940. Tolson began teaching at Langston University in Langston, Oklahoma in 1947; that year, Liberia declared him as its poet laureate. Tolson entered local politics and served four terms as Mayor of Langston from 1954 to 1960. One of his students at Langston University was Nathan Hare, the black studies pioneer, who later was founding publisher of The Black Scholar.
Melvin was a man of impressive intellect who created poetry that was ?funny, witty, humoristic, slapstick, rude, cruel, bitter, and hilarious,? as Karl Shapiro had said of the Harlem Gallery. He was a dramatist and director of the Dust Bowl Theater at Langston University. Langston Hughes described him as ?no highbrow. Students revere him and love him. Kids from the cotton fields like him. Cow punchers understand him. . . He?s a great talker.?
In 1965 Tolson was appointed to a two-year term at Tuskegee Institute where he was Avalon Poet. He died in the middle of his appointment after cancer surgery in Dallas, Texas, on August 29, 1966. He is buried in Langston. (WIKI)